sulphur 音标拼音: [s'ʌlfɚ]
n .
U 硫磺
U 硫磺
sulphur n 1 :
an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element ;
best known in yellow crystals ;
occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (
especially in volcanic regions ) [
synonym : {
sulfur }, {
S },
{
sulphur }, {
atomic number 16 }]
v 1 :
treat with sulphur in order to preserve ; "
These dried fruits are sulphured " [
synonym : {
sulphur }, {
sulfur }]
Sulphur \
Sul "
phur \,
n . [
L .,
better sulfur :
cf .
F .
soufre .]
1 . (
Chem .)
A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities ,
either combined as in the sulphides (
as pyrites )
and sulphates (
as gypsum ),
or native in volcanic regions ,
in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials ,
from which it is melted out .
Symbol S .
Atomic weight 32 .
The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2 .
05 ;
of prismatic sulphur ,
1 .
96 .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
It is purified by distillation ,
and is obtained as a lemon -
yellow powder (
by sublimation ),
called flour ,
or flowers ,
of sulphur ,
or in cast sticks called roll sulphur ,
or brimstone .
It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor .
It is an ingredient of gunpowder ,
is used on friction matches ,
and in medicine (
as a laxative and insecticide ),
but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid .
Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline modifications ,
in orthorhombic octahedra ,
or in monoclinic prisms ,
the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures .
Sulphur is the type ,
in its chemical relations ,
of a group of elements ,
including selenium and tellurium ,
called collectively the sulphur group ,
or family .
In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 . (
Zool .)
Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily {
Pierinae };
as ,
the clouded sulphur ({
Eurymus philodice }
syn . {
Colias philodice }),
which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Amorphous sulphur } (
Chem .),
an elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance ,
obtained by pouring melted sulphur into water .
On standing ,
it passes back into a brittle crystalline modification .
{
Liver of sulphur }. (
Old Chem .)
See {
Hepar }.
{
Sulphur acid }. (
Chem .)
See {
Sulphacid }.
{
Sulphur alcohol }. (
Chem .)
See {
Mercaptan }.
{
Sulphur auratum } [
L .] (
Old Chem .),
a golden yellow powder ,
consisting of antimonic sulphide , {
Sb2S5 }, --
formerly a famous nostrum .
{
Sulphur base } (
Chem .),
an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts . [
Archaic ]
{
Sulphur dioxide } (
Chem .),
a colorless gas , {
SO2 },
of a pungent ,
suffocating odor ,
produced by the burning of sulphur .
It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid ,
and as a reagent in bleaching ; --
called also {
sulphurous anhydride },
and formerly {
sulphurous acid }.
{
Sulphur ether } (
Chem .),
a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals ,
formed like the ordinary ethers ,
which are oxides ,
but with sulphur in the place of oxygen .
{
Sulphur salt } (
Chem .),
a salt of a sulphacid ;
a sulphosalt .
{
Sulphur showers },
showers of yellow pollen ,
resembling sulphur in appearance ,
often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great distance .
{
Sulphur trioxide } (
Chem .),
a white crystalline solid , {
SO3 },
obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide .
It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the production of heat ,
forming sulphuric acid ,
and is employed as a dehydrating agent .
Called also {
sulphuric anhydride },
and formerly {
sulphuric acid }.
{
Sulphur whale }. (
Zool .)
See {
Sulphur -
bottom }.
{
Vegetable sulphur } (
Bot .),
lycopodium powder .
See under {
Lycopodium }.
[
1913 Webster ]
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