Pentateuch
n . 摩西五书
摩西五书
Pentateuch n 1 :
the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit [
synonym : {
Torah }, {
Pentateuch }, {
Laws }]
Pentateuch \
Pen "
ta *
teuch \,
n . [
L .
pentateuchus ,
Gr . ?; ? (
see {
Penta -}) ?
a tool ,
implement ,
a book ,
akin to ?
to prepare ,
make ready ,
and perh .
to E .
text .
See {
Five },
and {
Text }.]
The first five books of the Old Testament ,
collectively ; --
called also the {
Law of Moses }, {
Book of the Law of Moses },
etc .
[
1913 Webster ]
Pentateuch the five -
fold volume ,
consisting of the first five books of the Old Testament .
This word does not occur in Scripture ,
nor is it certainly known when the roll was thus divided into five portions Genesis ,
Exodus ,
Leviticus ,
Numbers ,
Deuteronomy .
Probably that was done by the LXX .
translators .
Some modern critics speak of a Hexateuch ,
introducing the Book of Joshua as one of the group .
But this book is of an entirely different character from the other books ,
and has a different author .
It stands by itself as the first of a series of historical books beginning with the entrance of the Israelites into Canaan . (
See {
JOSHUA }.)
The books composing the Pentateuch are properly but one book ,
the "
Law of Moses ,"
the "
Book of the Law of Moses ,"
the "
Book of Moses ,"
or ,
as the Jews designate it ,
the "
Torah "
or "
Law ."
That in its present form it "
proceeds from a single author is proved by its plan and aim ,
according to which its whole contents refer to the covenant concluded between Jehovah and his people ,
by the instrumentality of Moses ,
in such a way that everything before his time is perceived to be preparatory to this fact ,
and all the rest to be the development of it .
Nevertheless ,
this unity has not been stamped upon it as a matter of necessity by the latest redactor :
it has been there from the beginning ,
and is visible in the first plan and in the whole execution of the work .",
Keil ,
Einl .
i .
d .
A .
T .
A certain school of critics have set themselves to reconstruct the books of the Old Testament .
By a process of "
scientific study "
they have discovered that the so -
called historical books of the Old Testament are not history at all ,
but a miscellaneous collection of stories ,
the inventions of many different writers ,
patched together by a variety of editors !
As regards the Pentateuch ,
they are not ashamed to attribute fraud ,
and even conspiracy ,
to its authors ,
who sought to find acceptance to their work which was composed partly in the age of Josiah ,
and partly in that of Ezra and Nehemiah ,
by giving it out to be the work of Moses !
This is not the place to enter into the details of this controversy .
We may say frankly ,
however ,
that we have no faith in this "
higher criticism ."
It degrades the books of the Old Testament below the level of fallible human writings ,
and the arguments on which its speculations are built are altogether untenable .
The evidences in favour of the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch are conclusive .
We may thus state some of them briefly :
(
1 .)
These books profess to have been written by Moses in the name of God (
Ex .
17 :
14 ;
24 :
3 ,
4 ,
7 ;
32 :
7 -
10 ,
30 -
34 ;
34 :
27 ;
Lev .
26 :
46 ;
27 :
34 ;
Deut .
31 :
9 ,
24 ,
25 ).
(
2 .)
This also is the uniform and persistent testimony of the Jews of all sects in all ages and countries (
comp .
Josh .
8 :
31 ,
32 ;
1 Kings 2 :
3 ;
Jer .
7 :
22 ;
Ezra 6 :
18 ;
Neh .
8 :
1 ;
Mal .
4 :
4 ;
Matt .
22 :
24 ;
Acts 15 :
21 ).
(
3 .)
Our Lord plainly taught the Mosaic authorship of these books (
Matt .
5 :
17 ,
18 ;
19 :
8 ;
22 :
31 ,
32 ;
23 :
2 ;
Mark 10 :
9 ;
12 :
26 ;
Luke 16 :
31 ;
20 :
37 ;
24 :
26 ,
27 ,
44 ;
John 3 :
14 ;
5 :
45 ,
46 ,
47 ;
6 :
32 ,
49 ;
7 :
19 ,
22 ).
In the face of this fact ,
will any one venture to allege either that Christ was ignorant of the composition of the Bible ,
or that ,
knowing the true state of the case ,
he yet encouraged the people in the delusion they clung to ?
(
4 .)
From the time of Joshua down to the time of Ezra there is ,
in the intermediate historical books ,
a constant reference to the Pentateuch as the "
Book of the Law of Moses ."
This is a point of much importance ,
inasmuch as the critics deny that there is any such reference ;
and hence they deny the historical character of the Pentateuch .
As regards the Passover ,
e .
g .,
we find it frequently spoken of or alluded to in the historical books following the Pentateuch ,
showing that the "
Law of Moses "
was then certainly known .
It was celebrated in the time of Joshua (
Josh .
5 :
10 ,
cf .
4 :
19 ),
Hezekiah (
2 Chr .
30 ),
Josiah (
2 Kings 23 ;
2 Chr .
35 ),
and Zerubbabel (
Ezra 6 :
19 -
22 ),
and is referred to in such passages as 2 Kings 23 :
22 ;
2 Chr .
35 :
18 ;
1 Kings 9 :
25 ("
three times in a year ");
2 Chr .
8 :
13 .
Similarly we might show frequent references to the Feast of Tabernacles and other Jewish institutions ,
although we do not admit that any valid argument can be drawn from the silence of Scripture in such a case .
An examination of the following texts ,
1 Kings 2 :
9 ;
2 Kings 14 :
6 ;
2 Chr .
23 :
18 ;
25 :
4 ;
34 :
14 ;
Ezra 3 :
2 ;
7 :
6 ;
Dan .
9 :
11 ,
13 ,
will also plainly show that the "
Law of Moses "
was known during all these centuries .
Granting that in the time of Moses there existed certain oral traditions or written records and documents which he was divinely led to make use of in his history ,
and that his writing was revised by inspired successors ,
this will fully account for certain peculiarities of expression which critics have called "
anachronisms "
and "
contradictions ,"
but in no way militates against the doctrine that Moses was the original author of the whole of the Pentateuch .
It is not necessary for us to affirm that the whole is an original composition ;
but we affirm that the evidences clearly demonstrate that Moses was the author of those books which have come down to us bearing his name .
The Pentateuch is certainly the basis and necessary preliminary of the whole of the Old Testament history and literature . (
See {
DEUTERONOMY }.)
安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!
中文字典英文字典工具:
复制到剪贴板
英文字典中文字典相关资料:
Missing U. S. crew member from downed fighter jet rescued in Iran, Trump . . . A U S crew member who went missing when an F-15E fighter jet was shot down over a remote area of Iran has been rescued by U S forces
Missing F-15E crew member located, rescued from behind enemy lines in . . . Missing F-15E crew member located, rescued from 'behind enemy lines' in Iran: Trump US forces successfully completed a massive operation to recover a missing Weapons System Officer, who ejected
US rescues missing crew member in Iran after fighter jet shot down - MSN The U S military and CIA coordinated on a high-stakes mission that safely rescued the missing crew member of a fighter jet that was shot down over Iran, bringing to a close a dramatic and
Missing service member rescued by US forces after jet downed in Iran . . . A missing US service member whose fighter jet was shot down over Iran has been rescued by US forces, President Donald Trump said in a Truth Social post early Sunday
US rescues second crew member of downed F-15E fighter jet from Iran The second crew member of a downed F-15E fighter jet has been rescued from an Iranian mountain by US commandos overnight, ending a two-day search after the warplane crashed in south-west Iran
Missing US F-15E Crew Member Rescued In Iran, US Officials Say The second crew member -- identified as the weapons systems officer (WSO) -- was recovered early on April 5 local time in a complex, multilayered rescue effort involving US Special Operations
Second airman in F-15E that was shot down over Iran is . . . - NBC News U S forces safely rescued the second F-15E crew member of a two-seat fighter jet that went down over Iran on Friday, two U S officials said late Saturday Subscribe to read this story ad-free
US Forces have rescued missing crew member of F-15E jet downed by Iran US forces have successfully rescued and extracted the missing crew member of an American fighter jet that was shot down over Iran following “one of the most daring search-and-rescue operations
F-15E Aviator Missing in Iran Rescued by US Forces The second crew member of the F-15E shot down over Iran has been rescued by U S forces, who are believed to be safe
US forces rescue crew member missing in Iran: Iran war live updates An intense search mission resulted in the safe rescue of a missing crew member of a downed F-15E jet, President Donald Trump said early Sunday