mandate 音标拼音: [m'ænd
, et]
n . 命令,指令,要求
vt . 委任统治
命令,指令,要求委任统治
mandate n 1 :
a document giving an official instruction or command [
synonym :
{
mandate }, {
authorization }, {
authorisation }]
2 :
a territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after World War I and put under the tutelage of some other European power until they are able to stand by themselves [
synonym : {
mandate },
{
mandatory }]
3 :
the commission that is given to a government and its policies through an electoral victory v 1 :
assign under a mandate ; "
mandate a colony "
2 :
make mandatory ; "
the new director of the school board mandated regular tests "
3 :
assign authority to Mandate \
Man "
date \,
n . [
L .
mandatum ,
fr .
mandare to commit to one '
s charge ,
order ,
orig .,
to put into one '
s hand ;
manus hand dare to give :
cf .
F .
mandat .
See {
Manual }, {
Date }
a time ,
and cf . {
Commend }, {
Maundy Thursday }.]
1 .
An official or authoritative command ,
order ,
or authorization from a superior official to a subordinate ;
an order or injunction ;
a commission ;
a judicial precept .
[
1913 Webster ]
This dream all -
powerful Juno ;
I bear Her mighty mandates ,
and her words you hear .
--
Dryden .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
Hence : (
Politics )
An authorization to carry out a specific public policy ,
given by the electorate to their representatives ; --
it is considered to be implied by the election of a candidate by a significant margin after that candidate has campaigned with that policy as a prominent element of the campaign platform .
[
PJC ]
3 .
Hence :
Authorization by a multinational body to a nation to administer the government and affairs of a territory ,
usually a former colony ;
as ,
termination of the British mandate in Palestine .
[
PJC ]
4 . (
Canon Law )
A rescript of the pope ,
commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 . (
Scots Law )
A contract by which one employs another to manage any business for him .
By the Roman law ,
it must have been gratuitous . --
Erskine .
[
1913 Webster ]
219 Moby Thesaurus words for "
mandate ":
adverse possession ,
agency ,
agentship ,
ally ,
alodium ,
archduchy ,
archdukedom ,
assignment ,
authority ,
authorization ,
behest ,
bench warrant ,
bid ,
bidding ,
body politic ,
brevet ,
buffer state ,
burgage ,
call on ,
call the signals ,
call upon ,
capias ,
captive nation ,
care ,
caveat ,
charge ,
chieftaincy ,
chieftainry ,
city -
state ,
claim ,
colony ,
command ,
commission ,
commissioning ,
commitment ,
commonweal ,
commonwealth ,
consignment ,
constitutional referendum ,
country ,
county ,
cure ,
de facto ,
de jure ,
death warrant ,
declare ,
decree ,
delegated authority ,
delegation ,
dependency ,
deputation ,
derivative title ,
devolution ,
devolvement ,
dictate ,
direct ,
direct initiative ,
domain ,
dominion ,
duchy ,
dukedom ,
earldom ,
embassy ,
empery ,
empire ,
empowerment ,
enjoin ,
entrusting ,
entrustment ,
errand ,
executorship ,
exequatur ,
factorship ,
facultative referendum ,
fee fief ,
fee position ,
fee simple ,
fee simple absolute ,
fee simple conditional ,
fee simple defeasible ,
fee simple determinable ,
fee tail ,
feodum ,
feud ,
fiat ,
fiefdom ,
fieri facias ,
frankalmoign ,
free city ,
free socage ,
freehold ,
full power ,
gavelkind ,
give an order ,
give the word ,
grand duchy ,
habere facias possessionem ,
having title to ,
hold ,
holding ,
imperative ,
indirect initiative ,
initiative ,
injunction ,
instruct ,
interdict ,
issue a command ,
issue a writ ,
jurisdiction ,
kingdom ,
knight service ,
land ,
lay fee ,
lease ,
leasehold ,
legal claim ,
legal possession ,
legation ,
license ,
lieutenancy ,
mandamus ,
mandant ,
mandated territory ,
mandatee ,
mandatory ,
mandatory injunction ,
mandatory referendum ,
mission ,
mittimus ,
nation ,
nationality ,
nisi prius ,
notice ,
notification ,
occupancy ,
occupation ,
office ,
ordain ,
order ,
order about ,
original title ,
owning ,
plebiscite ,
plebiscitum ,
plenipotentiary power ,
polis ,
polity ,
possessing ,
possession ,
power ,
power of attorney ,
power to act ,
precept ,
preoccupancy ,
preoccupation ,
prepossession ,
prescription ,
principality ,
principate ,
process ,
proclaim ,
procuration ,
prohibitory injunction ,
promulgate ,
pronounce ,
property ,
property rights ,
proprietary rights ,
protectorate ,
province ,
proxy ,
puppet government ,
puppet regime ,
purview ,
realm ,
recall ,
referendum ,
regency ,
regentship ,
republic ,
responsibility ,
rule ,
satellite ,
say the word ,
search warrant ,
seisin ,
seneschalty ,
settlement ,
socage ,
sovereign nation ,
squatting ,
state ,
statutory referendum ,
sublease ,
sultanate ,
superpower ,
task ,
tenancy ,
tenantry ,
tenure ,
tenure in chivalry ,
territory ,
title ,
toparchia ,
toparchy ,
trust ,
trusteeship ,
underlease ,
undertenancy ,
usucapion ,
vicarious authority ,
villein socage ,
villeinhold ,
villenage ,
warrant ,
warrant of arrest ,
warrant of attorney ,
word ,
writ MANDATE .
Mandatum or commission ,
contracts .
Sir William Jones defines a mandate to be a bailment of goods without reward ,
to be carried from place to place ,
or to have some act performed about them .
Jones '
Bailm .
52 ;
2 Ld .
Raym .
909 ,
913 .
This seems more properly an enumeration of the various sorts of mandates than a definition of the contract .
According to Mr .
Justice Story ,
it is a bailment of personal property ,
in regard to which the bailee engages to do some act without reward .
Bailm .
Sec .
137 .
And Mr .
Chancellor Kent defines it to be when one undertakes ,
without recompense ,
to do some act for the other in respect to the thing bailed .
Comm .
443 .
See ,
for other definitions ,
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
137 ;
Pothier ,
Pand .
lib .
17 ,
tit .
1 ;
Wood '
s Civ .
Law ,
B .
3 ,
c .
5 ,
p .
242 ;
Halifax '
s Anal .
of the Civ .
Law ,
70 ,;
Code of Louis .
art .
2954 ;
Code Civ .
art .
1984 ;
1 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
1068 .
2 .
From the very term of the definition ,
three things are necessary to create a mandate .
First ,
that there should exist something which should be the matter of the contract ;
secondly ,
that it should be done gratuitously ;
and thirdly ,
that the parties .
should voluntarily intend to enter into the contract .
Poth .
Pand .
Lib .
17 ,
tit .
1 ,
p .
1 ,
Sec .
1 ;
Poth .
Contr .
de Mandat ,
c .
1 ,
Sec .
2 .
3 .
There is no particular form or manner of entering into the contract of mandate ,
prescribed either by the common law ,
or by the civil law ,
in order to give it validity .
It may be verbal or in writing ;
it may be express or implied it may be in solemn form or in any other manner .
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
160 .
The contract may be varied at the pleasure of the parties .
It may be absolute or conditional ,
general or special ,
temporary or permanent .
Wood '
s Civ .
Law ,
242 ;
1 Domat ,
B .
1 .
tit .
15 ,
Sec .
1 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8 ;
Poth .
Contr .
de Mandat ,
c .
1 ,
Sec .
3 ,
n .
34 ,
35 ,
36 .
4 .
As to the degree of diligence which the mandatory is bound to exercise ,
see Mandatory ;
Negligence ;
Pothier ,
Mandat ,
h .
t ;
Louis .
Code ,
tit .
15 Code Civ .
t .
13 ,
c .
2 Story on Bailm .
Sec .
163 to 195 ;
1 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
1073 .
5 .
As to the duties and obligations of the mandator ,
see Story on Bailm .
196 to 201 ;
Code Civ .
tit .
13 ,
c .
3 ;
Louis .
Code ,
tit .
15 ,
c .
4 ;
1 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
1074 .
6 .
The contract of mandate may be dissolved in various ways :
1 .
It may be dissolved by the mandatary at any time before he has entered upon its execution ;
but in this case ,
as indeed in all others ,
where the contract is dissolved before the act is done which the parties intended ,
the property bailed is to be restored to the mandator .
7 .-
2 .
It may be dissolved by the death of the mandatory ;
for ,
being founded in personal confidence ,
it is not presumed to pass to his representatives ,
unless there is some special stipulation to that effect .
But this principally applies to cases where the mandate remains wholly unexecuted ;
for if it be in part executed ,
there may in some cases ,
arise a personal obligation on the part of the representatives to complete it .
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
202 .;
2 Kent '
s Com .
504 ,
Sec .
4 ;
Pothier ,
Mandat ,
c .
4 ,
Sec .
1 ,
n .
101 .
8 .
Whenever the trust is of a nature which requires united ,
advice ,
confidence and skill of all ,
and is deemed a joint personal trust to all ,
the death of one joint mandatary dissolves the contract as to all .
See Story on Bailm .
Sec .
202 ;
Co .
Litt .
112 ,
b ;
Id .
181 ,
b ;
Com .
Dig .
Attorney ,
C 8 ;
Bac .
Abr .
Authority ,
C ;
2 Kent '
s Com .
504 7 Taunt .
403 .
9 .
The death of the mandator ,
in like manner ,
puts an end to the contract .
See 2 Mason '
s R .
342 ;
8 Wheat .
R .
174 ;
2 Kent '
s Com .
507 ;
1 Domat ,
B .
1 ,
tit .
15 ,
Sec .
4 ,
n .
6 ,
7 ,
8 ;
Pothier ,
Contract de Mandat ,
c .
4 ,
Sec .
2 ,
n .
103 .
But although an unexecuted mandate ceases with the death of the mandator ,
yet ,
if it be executed in part at that time ,
it is binding to that extent ,
and his representatives must indemnify the mandatory .
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
204 ,
205 .
10 .-
3 .
The contract of mandate may be dissolved by a change in the state of the parties ;
as if either party becomes insane ,
or ,
being a woman ,
marries before the execution of the mandate .
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
206 ;
2 Rop .
on H . &
W .,
69 ,
73 ;
Salk .
117 ;
Bac .
Abr .
Baron and Feme ,
E ;
2 Kent '
s Com .
506 ,
11 .-
4 .
It may be dissolved by a revocation of the authority ,
either by operation of law ,
or by the act of the mandator .
12 .
It ceases by operation of law when the power of the mandator ceases over the subject -
matter ;
as ,
if he be a guardian ,
it ceases ,
as to his ward '
s property ,
by the termination of the guardianship .
Pothier ,
Contract de Mandat ,
c .
4 ,
Sec .
4 ,
n .
112 .
13 .
So ,
if the mandator sells the property ,
it ceases upon the sale ,
if it be made known to the mandatory .
7 Ves .
Jr .
276 ;
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
207 .
14 .
By the civil law the contract of mandate ceases by the revocation of the authority .
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
208 ;
Code Civ .
art .
2003 to 2008 ;
Louis ,
Code ,
art .
2997 .
15 .
At common law ,
the party giving an authority is generally entitled to revoke it .
See 5 T .
R .
215 ;
Wallace '
s R .
126 ;
5 Binn .
316 .
But ,
if it be given as a part of a security ,
as if a letter of attorney be given to collect a debt ,
as a security for money advanced ,
it is irrevocable by the party ,
although revoked by death .
2 Mason '
s R .
342 ;
8 Wheat .
174 ;
2 Esp .
R .
365 ;
7 Ves .
28 ;
2 Ves . &
Bea .
51 ;
1 Stark .
R .
121 ;
4 Campb .
272 .
MANDATE ,
practice .
A judicial command or precept issued by a court or magistrate ,
directing the proper officer to enforce a judgment ,
sentence or decree .
Jones '.
Bailm .
52 ;
Story on Bailm .
Sec .
137 .
MANDATE ,
civil law .
Mandates were the instructions which the emperor addressed to public functionaries ,
which were to serve as rules for their conduct .
2 .
These mandates resembled those of the pro -
consuls ,
the mandata jurisdictio ,
and were ordinarily binding on the legates or lieutenants of the emperor of the imperial provinces ,
and ,
there they had the authority of the principal edicts .
Sav .
Dr .
Rom .
ch .
3 ,
Sec .
24 ,
n .
4 .
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